Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) or sequential batch reactors are a type of activated sludge process for the treatment of wastewater. SBR reactors treat wastewater such as sewage or output from anaerobic digesters or mechanical biological treatment facilities in batches. Oxygen is bubbled through the mixture of wastewater and activated sludge to reduce the organic matter (measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The treated effluent may be suitable for discharge to surface waters or possibly for use on land.
Access chamber to be provided at separate unit & raw sewage is collected there. The sewage is passed through the screen, which is provided at inlet. To prevent damage to pumps and clogging of pipes, raw wastewater passes through mechanically raked bar screens to remove large debris, such as rags, plastics, sticks, and cans.
After passing through screen chamber, sewage reaches in Oil and Grease chamber where all the floating material like oil & grease shall be trapped to protect biological activities in aeration tank.
This tank shall collect the waste water from the oil & grease tanks at various intervals to homogenize it completely
Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) or sequential batch reactors are a type of activated sludge process for the treatment of wastewater. SBR reactors treat wastewater such as sewage or output from anaerobic digesters or mechanical biological treatment facilities in batches. Oxygen is bubbled through the mixture of wastewater and activated sludge to reduce the organic matter (measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)). The treated effluent may be suitable for discharge to surface waters or possibly for use on land.
The treatment technology should have mentioned below features.
The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process is a sequential suspended growth process in which all major steps occur in the same tank in sequential order.
SBRs are a variation of the activated‐sludge process. They differ from activated‐sludge process because they combine all of the treatment steps and processes into a single basin, or tank, whereas conventional facilities rely on multiple basins.
The operation of an SBR is based on a fill‐and‐draw principle, which consists of five steps – fill, react, settle, decant, and idle. These steps can be altered for different operational applications.
Fill:During the fill phase, the basin receives influent wastewater. The influent brings food to the microbes in the activated sludge, creating an environment for biochemical reactions to take place.
React:This phase allows for further reduction or "polishing" of wastewater parameters. During this phase, no wastewater enters the basin and the mechanical mixing and aeration units are on. Because there are no additional volume and organic loadings, the rate of organic removal increases dramatically.
Settle:During this phase, activated sludge is allowed to settle under quiescent conditions – no flow enters the basin and no aeration and mixing takes place. The activated sludge tends to settle as a flocculent mass, forming a distinctive interface with the clear supernatant.
Decant:During this phase, a decanter is used to remove the clear supernatant effluent.
Idle:This step occurs between the decant and the fill phases. During this phase, a small amount of activated sludge at the bottom of the SBR basin is pumped out – a process called wasting.
Before the final sewage is released into the receiving waters, it may be disinfected to reduce the disease-causing microorganisms that remain in it. The most effective processes use chlorine dosing disinfection
The process of passing the water through beds of sand or other granular materials is known as filtration. In this filter unit the water to be treated is passed under pressure. Broadly speaking, filters essentially consist of a thick layer of sand and the water is allowed to pass through it. Pressure sand filters remove turbidity, suspended particles, colour and odour that are present in wastewater.
In this tank clear water is subjected to tertiary treatment for further polishing of Sewage. It collects clear water from the secondary tube settler from where it is come through gravity. After that it is passing through sand filter and activated carbon filter.
The clear Sewage from the above tank is passed through a series of Filtration, sand and Carbon filter column which serves the purpose of coarse and fine filtration / removal to the residual and undesired suspended impurities.